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<div class="section" id="module-site">
<span id="site-site-specific-configuration-hook"></span><h1>27.14. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-site" title="site: Module responsible for site-specific configuration."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">site</span></tt></a> — Site-specific configuration hook<a class="headerlink" href="#module-site" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/site.py">Lib/site.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p><strong>This module is automatically imported during initialization.</strong> The automatic
import can be suppressed using the interpreter’s <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-S"><em class="xref std std-option">-S</em></a> option.</p>
<p id="index-0">Importing this module will append site-specific paths to the module search path
and add a few builtins.</p>
<p id="index-1">It starts by constructing up to four directories from a head and a tail part.
For the head part, it uses <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.prefix</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.exec_prefix</span></tt>; empty heads
are skipped. For the tail part, it uses the empty string and then
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib/site-packages</span></tt> (on Windows) or
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/site-packages</span></tt> and then <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib/site-python</span></tt> (on
Unix and Macintosh). For each of the distinct head-tail combinations, it sees
if it refers to an existing directory, and if so, adds it to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt> and
also inspects the newly added path for configuration files.</p>
<p>A path configuration file is a file whose name has the form <tt class="file docutils literal"><em><span class="pre">name</span></em><span class="pre">.pth</span></tt>
and exists in one of the four directories mentioned above; its contents are
additional items (one per line) to be added to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt>. Non-existing items
are never added to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt>, and no check is made that the item refers to a
directory rather than a file. No item is added to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt> more than
once. Blank lines and lines beginning with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#</span></tt> are skipped. Lines starting
with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">import</span></tt> (followed by space or tab) are executed.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.6: </span>A space or tab is now required after the import keyword.</p>
<p id="index-2">For example, suppose <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.prefix</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.exec_prefix</span></tt> are set to
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/local</span></tt>. The Python X.Y library is then installed in
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/local/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em></tt>. Suppose this has
a subdirectory <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/local/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/site-packages</span></tt> with three
subsubdirectories, <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo</span></tt>, <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bar</span></tt> and <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">spam</span></tt>, and two path
configuration files, <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo.pth</span></tt> and <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bar.pth</span></tt>. Assume
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo.pth</span></tt> contains the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre># foo package configuration
foo
bar
bletch
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>and <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bar.pth</span></tt> contains:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre># bar package configuration
bar
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Then the following version-specific directories are added to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt>, in this order:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/bar
/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/foo
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bletch</span></tt> is omitted because it doesn’t exist; the <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bar</span></tt>
directory precedes the <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo</span></tt> directory because <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">bar.pth</span></tt> comes
alphabetically before <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">foo.pth</span></tt>; and <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">spam</span></tt> is omitted because it is
not mentioned in either path configuration file.</p>
<p id="index-3">After these path manipulations, an attempt is made to import a module named
<tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></tt>, which can perform arbitrary site-specific customizations.
It is typically created by a system administrator in the site-packages
directory. If this import fails with an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ImportError" title="exceptions.ImportError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></tt></a> exception, it is
silently ignored.</p>
<p id="index-4">After this, an attempt is made to import a module named <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">usercustomize</span></tt>,
which can perform arbitrary user-specific customizations, if
<a class="reference internal" href="#site.ENABLE_USER_SITE" title="site.ENABLE_USER_SITE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">ENABLE_USER_SITE</span></tt></a> is true. This file is intended to be created in the
user site-packages directory (see below), which is part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt> unless
disabled by <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-s"><em class="xref std std-option">-s</em></a>. An <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ImportError" title="exceptions.ImportError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></tt></a> will be silently ignored.</p>
<p>Note that for some non-Unix systems, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.prefix</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.exec_prefix</span></tt> are
empty, and the path manipulations are skipped; however the import of
<tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></tt> and <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">usercustomize</span></tt> is still attempted.</p>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="site.PREFIXES">
<tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">PREFIXES</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#site.PREFIXES" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A list of prefixes for site-packages directories.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="site.ENABLE_USER_SITE">
<tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">ENABLE_USER_SITE</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#site.ENABLE_USER_SITE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Flag showing the status of the user site-packages directory. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> means
that it is enabled and was added to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt>. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> means that it
was disabled by user request (with <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-s"><em class="xref std std-option">-s</em></a> or
<span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONNOUSERSITE"><tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONNOUSERSITE</span></tt></a>). <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> means it was disabled for security
reasons (mismatch between user or group id and effective id) or by an
administrator.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="site.USER_SITE">
<tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">USER_SITE</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#site.USER_SITE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Path to the user site-packages for the running Python. Can be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if
<a class="reference internal" href="#site.getusersitepackages" title="site.getusersitepackages"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">getusersitepackages()</span></tt></a> hasn’t been called yet. Default value is
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/.local/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/site-packages</span></tt> for UNIX and non-framework Mac
OS X builds, <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/Library/Python/</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em><span class="pre">/lib/python/site-packages</span></tt> for Mac
framework builds, and <tt class="file docutils literal"><em><span class="pre">%APPDATA%</span></em><span class="pre">\Python\Python</span><em><span class="pre">XY</span></em><span class="pre">\site-packages</span></tt>
on Windows. This directory is a site directory, which means that
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">.pth</span></tt> files in it will be processed.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="site.USER_BASE">
<tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">USER_BASE</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Path to the base directory for the user site-packages. Can be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if
<a class="reference internal" href="#site.getuserbase" title="site.getuserbase"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">getuserbase()</span></tt></a> hasn’t been called yet. Default value is
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/.local</span></tt> for UNIX and Mac OS X non-framework builds,
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/Library/Python/</span><em><span class="pre">X.Y</span></em></tt> for Mac framework builds, and
<tt class="file docutils literal"><em><span class="pre">%APPDATA%</span></em><span class="pre">\Python</span></tt> for Windows. This value is used by Distutils to
compute the installation directories for scripts, data files, Python modules,
etc. for the <a class="reference internal" href="../install/index.html#inst-alt-install-user"><em>user installation scheme</em></a>. See
also <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONUSERBASE"><tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONUSERBASE</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="site.addsitedir">
<tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">addsitedir</tt><big>(</big><em>sitedir</em>, <em>known_paths=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#site.addsitedir" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add a directory to sys.path and process its <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">.pth</span></tt> files. Typically
used in <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">sitecustomize</span></tt> or <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">usercustomize</span></tt> (see above).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="site.getsitepackages">
<tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">getsitepackages</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#site.getsitepackages" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list containing all global site-packages directories (and possibly
site-python).</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.7.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="site.getuserbase">
<tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">getuserbase</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#site.getuserbase" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the path of the user base directory, <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="site.USER_BASE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">USER_BASE</span></tt></a>. If it is not
initialized yet, this function will also set it, respecting
<span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONUSERBASE"><tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONUSERBASE</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.7.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="site.getusersitepackages">
<tt class="descclassname">site.</tt><tt class="descname">getusersitepackages</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#site.getusersitepackages" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the path of the user-specific site-packages directory,
<a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_SITE" title="site.USER_SITE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">USER_SITE</span></tt></a>. If it is not initialized yet, this function will also set
it, respecting <span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONNOUSERSITE"><tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONNOUSERSITE</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="site.USER_BASE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">USER_BASE</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.7.</span></p>
</dd></dl>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-site" title="site: Module responsible for site-specific configuration."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">site</span></tt></a> module also provides a way to get the user directories from the
command line:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>python3 -m site --user-site
/home/user/.local/lib/python3.3/site-packages
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If it is called without arguments, it will print the contents of
<a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.path" title="sys.path"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></tt></a> on the standard output, followed by the value of
<a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_BASE" title="site.USER_BASE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">USER_BASE</span></tt></a> and whether the directory exists, then the same thing for
<a class="reference internal" href="#site.USER_SITE" title="site.USER_SITE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">USER_SITE</span></tt></a>, and finally the value of <a class="reference internal" href="#site.ENABLE_USER_SITE" title="site.ENABLE_USER_SITE"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">ENABLE_USER_SITE</span></tt></a>.</p>
<dl class="cmdoption">
<dt id="cmdoption-site--user-base">
<tt class="descname">--user-base</tt><tt class="descclassname"></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-site--user-base" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Print the path to the user base directory.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="cmdoption">
<dt id="cmdoption-site--user-site">
<tt class="descname">--user-site</tt><tt class="descclassname"></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-site--user-site" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Print the path to the user site-packages directory.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>If both options are given, user base and user site will be printed (always in
this order), separated by <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.pathsep" title="os.pathsep"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">os.pathsep</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p>If any option is given, the script will exit with one of these values: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">O</span></tt> if
the user site-packages directory is enabled, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> if it was disabled by the
user, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2</span></tt> if it is disabled for security reasons or by an administrator, and a
value greater than 2 if there is an error.</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><span class="target" id="index-9"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0370"><strong>PEP 370</strong></a> – Per user site-packages directory</p>
</div>
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