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  <div class="section" id="conventions-for-contributing-to-kitchen">
<h1>Conventions for contributing to kitchen<a class="headerlink" href="#conventions-for-contributing-to-kitchen" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="style">
<h2>Style<a class="headerlink" href="#style" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Strive to be <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008"><strong>PEP 8</strong></a> compliant</li>
<li>Run <cite>:command:`pylint</cite> ` over the code and try to resolve most of its nitpicking</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="python-2-3-compatibility">
<h2>Python 2.3 compatibility<a class="headerlink" href="#python-2-3-compatibility" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>At the moment, we&#8217;re supporting python-2.3 and above.  Understand that there&#8217;s
a lot of python features that we cannot use because of this.</p>
<p>Sometimes modules in the <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library">python standard library</a> can be added to kitchen so that they&#8217;re
available.  When we do that we need to be careful of several things:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>Keep the module in sync with the version in the python-2.x trunk.  Use
<tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">maintainers/sync-copied-files.py</span></tt> for this.</li>
<li>Sync the unittests as well as the module.</li>
<li>Be aware that not all modules are written to remain compatible with
Python-2.3 and might use python language features that were not present
then (generator expressions, relative imports, decorators, with, try: with
both except: and finally:, etc)  These are not good candidates for
importing into kitchen as they require more work to keep synced.</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="unittests">
<h2>Unittests<a class="headerlink" href="#unittests" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">At least smoketest your code (make sure a function will return expected
values for one set of inputs).</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Note that even 100% coverage is not a guarantee of working code!  Good tests
will realize that you need to also give multiple inputs that test the code
paths of called functions that are outside of your code.  Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">to_unicode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">errors</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#39;replace&#39;</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">unicode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">errors</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="c"># Smoketest only.  This will give 100% coverage for your code (it</span>
<span class="c"># tests all of the code inside of to_unicode) but it leaves a lot of</span>
<span class="c"># room for errors as it doesn&#39;t test all combinations of arguments</span>
<span class="c"># that are then passed to the unicode() function.</span>

<span class="n">tools</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ok_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_unicode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;abc&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">u&#39;abc&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="c"># Better -- tests now cover non-ascii characters and that error conditions</span>
<span class="c"># occur properly.  There&#39;s a lot of other permutations that can be</span>
<span class="c"># added along these same lines.</span>
<span class="n">tools</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ok_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_unicode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">u&#39;café&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#39;replace&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">tools</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assert_raises</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ne">UnicodeError</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to_unicode</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">u&#39;cafè ñunru&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;latin1&#39;</span><span class="p">)])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">We&#8217;re using nose for unittesting.  Rather than depend on unittest2
functionality, use the functions that nose provides.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Remember to maintain python-2.3 compatibility even in unittests.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="docstrings-and-documentation">
<h2>Docstrings and documentation<a class="headerlink" href="#docstrings-and-documentation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We use sphinx to build our documentation.  We use the sphinx autodoc extension
to pull docstrings out of the modules for API documentation.  This means that
docstrings for subpackages and modules should follow a certain pattern.  The
general structure is:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Introductory material about a module in the module&#8217;s top level docstring.<ul>
<li>Introductory material should begin with a level two title: an overbar and
underbar of &#8216;-&#8216;.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>docstrings for every function.<ul>
<li>The first line is a short summary of what the function does</li>
<li>This is followed by a blank line</li>
<li>The next lines are a <cite>field list
&lt;http://sphinx.pocoo.org/markup/desc.html#info-field-lists&gt;_</cite> giving
information about the function&#8217;s signature.  We use the keywords:
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">arg</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kwarg</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">raises</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">returns</span></tt>, and sometimes <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rtype</span></tt>.  Use
these to describe all arguments, key word arguments, exceptions raised,
and return values using these.<ul>
<li>Parameters that are <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kwarg</span></tt> should specify what their default
behaviour is.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kitchen-versioning">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>Kitchen versioning<a class="headerlink" href="#kitchen-versioning" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Currently the kitchen library is in early stages of development.  While we&#8217;re
in this state, the main kitchen library uses the following pattern for version
information:</p>
<ul>
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt>Versions look like this::</dt>
<dd><p class="first last">__version_info__ = ((0, 1, 2),)
__version__ = &#8216;0.1.2&#8217;</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><p class="first">The Major version number remains at 0 until we decide to make the first 1.0
release of kitchen.  At that point, we&#8217;re declaring that we have some
confidence that we won&#8217;t need to break backwards compatibility for a while.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">The Minor version increments for any backwards incompatible API changes.
When this is updated, we reset micro to zero.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">The Micro version increments for any other changes (backwards compatible API
changes, pure bugfixes, etc).</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Versioning is only updated for releases that generate sdists and new
uploads to the download directory.  Usually we update the version
information for the library just before release.  By contrast, we update
kitchen <a class="reference internal" href="#subpackage-versioning"><em>Versioning</em></a> when an API change is made.  When in
doubt, look at the version information in the last release.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="i18n">
<h2>I18N<a class="headerlink" href="#i18n" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>All strings that are used as feedback for users need to be translated.
<tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen</span></tt> sets up several functions for this.  <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">_()</span></tt> is used for
marking things that are shown to users via print, GUIs, or other &#8220;standard&#8221;
methods.  Strings for exceptions are marked with <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">b_()</span></tt>.  This function
returns a byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> which is needed for use with exceptions:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>from kitchen import _, b_

def print_message(msg, username):
    print _('%(user)s, your message of the day is:  %(message)s') % {
            'message': msg, 'user': username}

    raise Exception b_('Test message')</pre>
</div>
<p>This serves several purposes:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>It marks the strings to be extracted by an xgettext-like program.</li>
<li><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">_()</span></tt> is a function that will substitute available translations at
runtime.</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">By using the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%()s</span> <span class="pre">with</span> <span class="pre">dict</span></tt> style of string formatting, we make this
string friendly to translators that may need to reorder the variables when
they&#8217;re translating the string.</p>
</div>
<p><cite>paver &lt;http://www.blueskyonmars.com/projects/paver/&gt;_</cite> and <cite>babel
&lt;http://babel.edgewall.org/&gt;_</cite> are used to extract the strings.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="api-updates">
<h2>API updates<a class="headerlink" href="#api-updates" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Kitchen strives to have a long deprecation cycle so that people have time to
switch away from any APIs that we decide to discard.  Discarded APIs should
raise a <tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">DeprecationWarning</span></tt> and clearly state in the warning message and
the docstring how to convert old code to use the new interface.  An example of
deprecating a function:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">warnings</span>

<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">kitchen</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_</span>
<span class="kn">from</span>  <span class="nn">kitchen.text.converters</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">to_bytes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to_unicode</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">kitchen.text.new_module</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">new_function</span>

<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">old_function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;**Deprecated**</span>

<span class="sd">    This function is deprecated.  Use</span>
<span class="sd">    :func:`kitchen.text.new_module.new_function` instead. If you want</span>
<span class="sd">    unicode strngs as output, switch to::</span>

<span class="sd">        &gt;&gt;&gt; from kitchen.text.new_module import new_function</span>
<span class="sd">        &gt;&gt;&gt; output = new_function(param)</span>

<span class="sd">    If you want byte strings, use::</span>

<span class="sd">        &gt;&gt;&gt; from kitchen.text.new_module import new_function</span>
<span class="sd">        &gt;&gt;&gt; from kitchen.text.converters import to_bytes</span>
<span class="sd">        &gt;&gt;&gt; output = to_bytes(new_function(param))</span>
<span class="sd">    &#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
    <span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;kitchen.text.old_function is deprecated.  Use&#39;</span>
        <span class="s">&#39; kitchen.text.new_module.new_function instead&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
        <span class="ne">DeprecationWarning</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stacklevel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="n">as_unicode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">unicode</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">message</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">new_function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to_unicode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">))</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">as_unicode</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="n">message</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">to_bytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">message</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If a particular API change is very intrusive, it may be better to create a new
version of the subpackage and ship both the old version and the new version.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="news-file">
<h2>NEWS file<a class="headerlink" href="#news-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Update the <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">NEWS</span></tt> file when you make a change that will be visible to
the users.  This is not a ChangeLog file so we don&#8217;t need to list absolutely
everything but it should give the user an idea of how this version differs
from prior versions.  API changes should be listed here explicitly.  bugfixes
can be more general:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>-----
0.2.0
-----
* Relicense to LGPLv2+
* Add kitchen.text.format module with the following functions:
  textual_width, textual_width_chop.
* Rename the kitchen.text.utils module to kitchen.text.misc.  use of the
  old names is deprecated but still available.
* bugfixes applied to kitchen.pycompat24.defaultdict that fixes some
  tracebacks</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kitchen-subpackages">
<h2>Kitchen subpackages<a class="headerlink" href="#kitchen-subpackages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Kitchen itself is a namespace.  The kitchen sdist (tarball) provides certain
useful subpackages.</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="#kitchen-addon-packages">Kitchen addon packages</a></dt>
<dd>For information about subpackages not distributed in the kitchen sdist
that install into the kitchen namespace.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="versioning">
<span id="subpackage-versioning"></span><h3>Versioning<a class="headerlink" href="#versioning" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Each subpackage should have its own version information which is independent
of the other kitchen subpackages and the main kitchen library version. This is
used so that code that depends on kitchen APIs can check the version
information.  The standard way to do this is to put something like this in the
subpackage&#8217;s <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></tt>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">kitchen.versioning</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">version_tuple_to_string</span>

<span class="n">__version_info__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),)</span>
<span class="n">__version__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">version_tuple_to_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">__version_info__</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__version_info__</span></tt> is documented in <a class="reference internal" href="api-versioning.html#module-kitchen.versioning" title="kitchen.versioning"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.versioning</span></tt></a>.  The
values of the first tuple should describe API changes to the module.  There
are at least three numbers present in the tuple: (Major, minor, micro).  The
major version number is for backwards incompatible changes (For
instance, removing a function, or adding a new mandatory argument to
a function).  Whenever one of these occurs, you should increment the major
number and reset minor and micro to zero.  The second number is the minor
version.  Anytime new but backwards compatible changes are introduced this
number should be incremented and the micro version number reset to zero.  The
micro version should be incremented when a change is made that does not change
the API at all.  This is a common case for bugfixes, for instance.</p>
<p>Version information beyond the first three parts of the first tuple may be
useful for versioning but semantically have similar meaning to the micro
version.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">We update the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__version_info__</span></tt> tuple when the API is updated.
This way there&#8217;s less chance of forgetting to update the API version when
a new release is made.  However, we try to only increment the version
numbers a single step for any release.  So if kitchen-0.1.0 has
kitchen.text.__version__ == &#8216;1.0.1&#8217;, kitchen-0.1.1 should have
kitchen.text.__version__ == &#8216;1.0.2&#8217; or &#8216;1.1.0&#8217; or &#8216;2.0.0&#8217;.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="criteria-for-subpackages-in-kitchen">
<h3>Criteria for subpackages in kitchen<a class="headerlink" href="#criteria-for-subpackages-in-kitchen" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Supackages within kitchen should meet these criteria:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Generally useful or needed for other pieces of kitchen.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">No mandatory requirements outside of the <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library">python standard library</a>.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Optional requirements from outside the <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library">python standard library</a> are allowed.  Things with
mandatory requirements are better placed in <a class="reference internal" href="#kitchen-addon-packages">kitchen addon packages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Somewhat API stable &#8211; this is not a hard requirement.  We can change the
kitchen api.  However, it is better not to as people may come to depend on
it.</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference internal" href="#api-updates">API Updates</a></p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kitchen-addon-packages">
<h2>Kitchen addon packages<a class="headerlink" href="#kitchen-addon-packages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Addon packages are very similar to subpackages integrated into the kitchen
sdist.  This section just lists some of the differences to watch out for.</p>
<div class="section" id="setup-py">
<h3>setup.py<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-py" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Your <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></tt> should contain entries like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># It&#39;s suggested to use a dotted name like this so the package is easily</span>
<span class="c"># findable on pypi:</span>
<span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#39;kitchen.config&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="c"># Include kitchen in the keywords, again, for searching on pypi</span>
    <span class="n">keywords</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&#39;kitchen&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#39;configuration&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
    <span class="c"># This package lives in the directory kitchen/config</span>
    <span class="n">packages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&#39;kitchen.config&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
    <span class="c"># [...]</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="package-directory-layout">
<h3>Package directory layout<a class="headerlink" href="#package-directory-layout" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Create a <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen</span></tt> directory in the toplevel.  Place the addon
subpackage in there.  For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>./                     &lt;== toplevel with README, setup.py, NEWS, etc
kitchen/
kitchen/__init__.py
kitchen/config/        &lt;== subpackage directory
kitchen/config/__init__.py</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="fake-kitchen-module">
<h3>Fake kitchen module<a class="headerlink" href="#fake-kitchen-module" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The :file::<cite>__init__.py</cite> in the <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen</span></tt> directory is special.  It
won&#8217;t be installed.  It just needs to pull in the kitchen from the system so
that you are able to test your module.  You should be able to use this
boilerplate:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># Fake module.  This is not installed,  It&#39;s just made to import the real</span>
<span class="c"># kitchen modules for testing this module</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pkgutil</span>

<span class="c"># Extend the __path__ with everything in the real kitchen module</span>
<span class="n">__path__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pkgutil</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend_path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">__path__</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">__name__</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen</span></tt> needs to be findable by python for this to work.  Installed
in the <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">site-packages</span></tt> directory or adding it to the
<span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONPATH" title="(in Python v2.7)"><tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONPATH</span></tt></a> will work.</p>
</div>
<p>Your unittests should now be able to find both your submodule and the main
kitchen module.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id2">
<h3>Versioning<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>It is recommended that addon packages version similarly to
<a class="reference internal" href="#subpackage-versioning"><em>Versioning</em></a>.  The <tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">__version_info__</span></tt> and
<tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">__version__</span></tt> strings can be changed independently of  the version
exposed by setup.py so that you have both an API version
(<tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">__version_info__</span></tt>) and release version that&#8217;s easier for people to
parse.  However, you aren&#8217;t required to do this and you could follow
a different methodology if you want (for instance, <a class="reference internal" href="#kitchen-versioning"><em>Kitchen versioning</em></a>)</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>


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  <h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Conventions for contributing to kitchen</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#style">Style</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-2-3-compatibility">Python 2.3 compatibility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#unittests">Unittests</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#docstrings-and-documentation">Docstrings and documentation</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#kitchen-versioning">Kitchen versioning</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#i18n">I18N</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#api-updates">API updates</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#news-file">NEWS file</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#kitchen-subpackages">Kitchen subpackages</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#versioning">Versioning</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#criteria-for-subpackages-in-kitchen">Criteria for subpackages in kitchen</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#kitchen-addon-packages">Kitchen addon packages</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setup-py">setup.py</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#package-directory-layout">Package directory layout</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fake-kitchen-module">Fake kitchen module</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">Versioning</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

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